TR7 Transceivers
    By  the  mid 1970's it was obvious that a new generation transceiver was
    required. Vaccuum tube equipment was being replaced by solid  state  ra-
    dios  -  especially  for  those that wanted to operate mobile. The solid
    state equipment was obviously the way of the future. Drake answered this
    challenge with the TR5 and  TR7  transceivers.  There  also  was  an  R7
    receiver.  This  receeiver  is not that common due to its intial expense
    and the fact that those that have them tend to keep them.

    Yes, there was a TR6. That was a 6 meter SSB transceiver circa  1970  in
    much the same vein as an SB-110.

    Yes,  there  was  an 'A' model of the TR7. This is around a 1982 flavor.
    What the 'A' model of the TR7 and R7 really was all about  is  that  the
    equipment  contained standard such as noise blankers and crystal filters
    that were options on the earlier model.

    The TR7, as is common for most Drake equipment, is over built.  This  is
    characteristic of most well made American equipment. While a TR7 may not
    have  all of the useless 'features' of foreign equipment, it is as reli-
    able as a rock and solidly built. Drake made sure it was a quality piece
    of radio and not intended to be disposable. An example - the TR7  gener-
    ates  150 watts (250 in or so) output, yet the PA is capable of at least
    225 out. At its nominal power rating, the final  transistors  are  under
    utilized.  The  transceiver  is  big  and  heavy  at 17.5 lbs despite an
    aluminium chassis. Glass epoxy boards are employed throughout the radio.
    The receiver is dead quiet and almost immune to overload. A  large  part
    of  the reason for this is the lack of an RF amplifier and a strong pas-
    sive DBM in the front end (ala Atlas 210). The TX SSB audio is rich  and
    clean.  The  AGC switches with the mode setting for near optimum tailor-
    ing. The only item to be missed is an IF notch filter. You'd look  at  a
    TR7 today perhaps with some distain if you didn't know any better.

    A TR7 is a classic example of old ham gear easily overlooked since it is
    'old  tech'.  Yet quite a few of the same amateurs will get very excited
    over a Racal or other piece of 'commercial' equipment.  At  the  end  of
    this  document is a readers comment regarding the flexibility of the TR7
    design for commercial applications. You see, Drake just didn't make ama-
    teur gear.

    A well working TR7 is a treat to use. Transmitted audio is excellent and
    the receiver is a gem. The AGC is typical Drake - peerless.  It  can  be
    used  for hours and hours without operator fatigue as the audio is clean
    and near hiss free. The transmitter PA stages are constructed for  heavy
    use.  The major downside of the radio is its current requirements. Nomi-
    nal drain on receive is about 3 A, on transmit, it could run to about 22
    to 25 A. Both of these figures are considered slightly excessive  today.
    The  size of the radio rules out mobile operation in most of todays cars
    and the red LED frequency display washes out in sunlight.

    12.1  TR7A/TR7 DIFFERENCES
    __________________________

    The TR7A was an early 80's transceiver that had some subtle  differences
    to  a TR7. Not that many were made and it is a bit of a collectors item.
    Practically, it isn't all that much different to a  TR7  except  in  the
    following areas:

    o   Came with noise blanker

    o   Came with SSB, CW and AM filter

    o   Came with DR7

    o   Mic audio appears on back panel

    o   TR7A displayed on front panel.

    o   Some RX front end protection


    12.2  TR7 MODS AND TECH
    _______________________

    I  have encountered few mods for this radio. This could be caused by the
    difficult nature of performing them or by the very fact that a stock TR7
    is pretty good as it is. What makes this radio difficult  to  modify  is
    the  plug  in  board modules. This is good. This means that a TR7 is un-
    likely to be mucked with too severely. Your worst problem is  likely  to
    be alignment if your 'new' TR7 is a little sour.

    o   Servicing

        A  TR7 is a robust transceiver that is almost impossible to kill. It
        holds its alignment extremely well and generally  is  overbuilt  and
        'over  designed'.  Once brought up to specifications, it should stay
        that way almost indefinitely.

        However, should your TR7 require service, you are in a bit of a  di-
        lemma.  To  service  a  TR7 beyond the superficial, one needs a good
        oscilloscope, volt meter, service manual and  the  extender  boards.
        The  latter two are no longer available from Drake. A service manual
        may be purchased from:

            Antique Manuals, K7FG
            1-800-807-6146

        The telephone number is ... interesting.

        This organization sells manuals for a considerable number  of  exam-
        ples  of old(er) gear and a lot of BoatAnchors. The current price of
        the TR7 manual is about $34 US. Its not a bad deal.

        A TR7 is not difficult to set up, but one must be aware of  what  to
        tune  and  what  not to touch. DO NOT align the first crystal filter
        unless you are prepared to go at it with a sweep generator. Quite  a
        number of slugs, trimmers and trim pots are involved in an alignment
        and not all of the adjustments are immediately accessible.

        Especially in the case of a TR7, if it works, don't fix it.

    o   Set Up

        The  outlined procedures in the service manual are very well thought
        out and are presented in a  linear  progression.  Follow  them.  The
        synthesizer set up is a bit tricky. Most important is to ensure that
        the 40, 13.695 and 8.05 MHz oscillators are exactly on frequency. If
        each  one  of these is within 100 Hz, then the readout, PBT and CLAR
        will 'naturally' fall very close to spec. Proper test  equipment  is
        essential to set up a TR7.

    o   All Band Transmit

        Included  with this article are additional TIF and TXT files outlin-
        ing Drake synthesizer changes for full  receive  coverage  and  full
        frequency coverage transmit.

    o   Digital Display

        For  a while the DR7 digital display was an option. A TR7 is signif-
        icantly less without the DR7 display. If you are looking at a TR7 to
        purchase, make sure that it does indeed at least  have  this  option
        installed.  Of  all  the  'options' available for the TR7, it is un-
        likely you'll ever find a loose DR7 unless someone is cutting  up  a
        TR7 for parts.

    o   Early and Late Models

        The  very  early model TR7 was sold without the DR7 board. It is un-
        likely you will encounter one of these - few were made.  ASK  if  it
        has digital display before purchase!

        The  early  model  TR7  had  a 3 transistor predriver on the PA heat
        sink. Additionally, the adjustment for TX/RX frequency required  you
        to remove the DR7 and use extender boards. Very inconvenient.

        The  later model TR7 uses a 2 transistor predriver. You need to pull
        the top cover and look at the circuit board  closest  to  the  front
        panel.  If  you  see a U shaped aluminium heat sink, it is the later
        model. Additionally, this model  TR7  had  an  access  hole  on  the
        motherboard for the TX/RX frequency adjustment.

        AF/RF Gain Control

        Is unavailable from Drake.

        This  is  the same control as used on the SPR4, which was available,
        although I don't know the current status. The one difference is that
        the TR7 control has a double switch for both AC and DC. Depending on
        what is gone on the TR7 control  -  anything  but  the  switch,  ba-
        sically,  you  can graft the old control switch onto the replacement
        control. This requires careful disassembly of the controls,  but  it
        can and has been done.

        As  for  replacement  switches, about the best you can do is rummage
        through someones surplus parts bin. These  types  of  switches  were
        used in old AC/DC televisions and AM/FM radios.

    o   TR7 Mixing Scheme

        The  TR7  and TR7A is a dual conversion transceiver using a first IF
        of 48 MHz and a second IF of 5.645 MHz. The same path is used in re-
        verse on transmit. For the BFO, there is no  5.645  MHz  crystal  as
        such,  for  it is synthesized from 2 crystal oscillators at 8.05 and
        13.695. The first mixer is a DBM followed by a  grounded  gate  post
        amplifier  in to a 48 MHz 4 pole crystal filter. On transmit, the 48
        MHz transmit signal is routed through the 48  MHz  filters,  through
        the  post amplifier and into the DBM. The post amplifier has its in-
        puts and outputs reversed through steering diodes. Output on  trans-
        mit  is  taken  directly  from the DBM into the 3 stage high gain PA
        section  (predriver,  driver  and  PA  functional  blocks).  ALC  is
        achieved  on transmit by use of a diode attenuator in a previous low
        level stage. In receive, there is a dedicated board for the IF  fil-
        ters  followed  by  a  3 stage IF MOSFET amplifier employing forward
        AGC. The crystal filters are treated all the same - there is no gain
        compensation for bandwidth.

        The primary reason for the mixing scheme is so full coverage from .5
        to 30 MHz can be achieved with a 5 to 5.5 MHz VFO.

        The synthesizer in the TR7 is a tracking synthesizer. The PTO  at  5
        to  5.5  MHz  is used in the PLL with the divider chain to control a
        VCO operating at  48  to  78  MHz.  If  the  PTO  drifts,  then  the
        synthesizer will drift in step with it.

    o   RF Tightness

        The  radio  cannot  be aligned when extender boards are in use. Some
        adjustments must be done with the cover plate  off.  For  the  other
        adjustments,  there  are  holes in the cover plate for access. These
        can only be accurately adjusted with the cover plate in place.  Make
        sure  the cover plate is screwed down snugly with all those screws -
        not just a few.

        Some  boards  have  grounding  fingers.  While  re-installing  these
        boards, make sure the fingers and tabs make chassis contact.

        If  the  above  is  not adhered to, mediocre alignment and operation
        will result. There will be RF leakage into the  IF  section  of  the
        receiver.  This  will  have  a  dramatic  effect on S meter, AGC and
        spurious responses.

    o   AUX 7 Programming

        See the separate section covering this option in detail.

    o   The FA7 Fan

        Some manufacturers do not provide for forced air cooling of their PA
        stages.  Ten  Tec  is a good example. Their PA stages can run so hot
        that it really hurts to grab the heat  sink.  I've  never  seen  one
        'melt',  but having them get that hot gives me the willies. Heat and
        electronics do not happily co  exist  (ref  TR4  above).  While  the
        transistors  may take it and good design compensates for it, thermal
        run away is a concern. Its an ugly event to watch and once  started,
        the event is catastrophic and usually expensive.

        The  FA7  was an option on the TR7 for heavy duty cycle use. Experi-
        ence has shown that without a fan, even on SSB, the PA gets  inordi-
        nately  warm.  Regardless  of  mode, some form of forced air cooling
        should be employed. The requirement is to provide  air  circulation,
        not  necessarily  air  cooling. The fan should be set up to blow in,
        not out. This is contrary to the FA7 direction, but seems to  afford
        much  better  cooling.  I  mount  the  fan so it blows in, under the
        theory fans move more air on the blow side than the  draw  side.  It
        does seem to be noisier blowing in, though. I really do not think it
        matters  all  that much, so long as you can get the temperature down
        and the hot air out. If you mount it to draw, you should  feel  warm
        air coming out and the top of the cabinet 'cool'.

        The  FA7  fan runs from 110 VAC and is meant to be run 'through' the
        PS/7. If you have a PS/7, a 110 VAC 'muffin' fan will bolt right on.
        If you use a generic power supply use a 12 volt  version  and  power
        the  fan off the TX Vcc from the PA stage. 24 volt DC fans will push
        a fair bit of air quietly and these are readily available surplus.

    o   Digital Operation

        All Drakes with the exception of the TR5 use  a  free  running  VFO.
        This  may  not be stable enough for RTTY as the long term drift is a
        few hundred cycles. If you must use a Drake for  digital  operation,
        your  best  bet  is  a TR5 or a TR7 with an RV75 remote VFO (not the
        RV7).

        I have no T/R switching times for any of the Drake equipment, but it
        is reasonable to assume that none of it  switches  fast  enough  for
        AMTOR.

        * note readers comment on TR7 switching times

    o   Receiver Sensitivity Check

        Properly aligned, the S Meter should rest just off zero, for the AGC
        detector  must be in the 'on' state slightly, otherwise the AGC will
        pop. The calibrator should provide an S9 signal on 10 meters with no
        antenna attached if the alignment is close. Without  an  antenna,  a
        properly  operating  TR7  should appear almost to be dead. If the RF
        gain is rotated fully CCW, the S meter should rest at the S9 +80  db
        mark - no higher or lower.

        Since  there  is no preselector to peak, the calibrator test assumes
        the S Meter is set up in accordance with the alignment instructions.
        The other alternative 'sign of life' tests you can do is to  scratch
        the  center  pin of the SO/239 with a metallic anything. The S Meter
        should respond and you should hear the scritch noises  most  plainly
        in  the  speaker.  You  can  also  connect almost any antenna to the
        SO/239 and you should hear an increase in background noise,  however
        slight - even on 10.

    o   8.05 MHz Osc Won't Net

        This  oscillator  is  varicap  controlled and is used in conjunction
        with the 13.995 fixed oscillator to develop the  BFO.  In  doing  it
        this  way, there is little chance that there will be BFO leakage, or
        what leakage there is, can be controlled.

        There is a trimmer adjustment to net the 8.05 MHz crystal, but  what
        the  manual  fails  to  tell you is that this adjustment is also af-
        fected by the trim pots for the injection frequencies for the BFO.

        If you try to set this trimmer up and it just  won't  trim,  try  an
        arbitrary  setting  of the trimmer screw and see if, say, on LSB you
        can get it to the proper frequency with the trim pot for that mode.

    o   Receiver AGC Set Up Notes

        Aside from alignment, set up in this area has considerable affect on
        the receivers sensitivity and AGC 'personality'. Also  important  is
        the  10 volt regulator adjustment, for it too will have an effect on
        oscillator alignment, AGC and sensitivity. Tests indicate that at  9
        volts,  the  receiver  and AGC setup is quite 'mushy'. For all prac-
        tical purposes, the 10 volt regulator adjust is the  one  adjustment
        that will determine how 'crisp' the radio is.

        Adjust  the  10  volt  regulator  from  measurements  taken  on  the
        motherboard.

    o   Transmitter Output Check

        A TR7 should produce 150 watts output on 80 meters if set  up  prop-
        erly.  Current  draw  will  be 22 amps at 13.6 volts. Use no smaller
        power cable than #12 for short runs and #10 for 15 feet or more.

        You should be able to disconnect the transmitter load  and  key  the
        transmitter  to full output. Properly set up ALC will limit the out-
        put 'power' to 20 watts or so.

        If  you  pull  the blue wire from the ALC board (the one between the
        shielded cable and the red wire on the LHS), the PA stage  will  run
        wide  open and I've measured over 225 watts output on 80 meters. Not
        recommended as a normal practice, but this is a good test  of  final
        transistor  health.  Set  to  its  nominal 150 watt output, a TR7 is
        definitely loafing along.

    o   Won't Transmit

        The TR7 has a separate pin on the power connector for +13  volts  to
        the  PA. Out of the 4 pin power connector pins, 2 are ground and one
        pin each is for the radio proper and the  PA.  Ensure  that  the  PA
        stage  does  have  13 volts. The transceiver will make all the right
        noises (relay closure, etc), but won't generate any RF.

        This is a common oversite. Its comparable to not having plate  volt-
        age for the PA stage in the TR4.

    o   Accessory Filters

        The  TR7  filters  are not interchangeable with the R4C filters. The
        R4C accessory filters are 5695 kHz and the TR7  are  5645  kHz.  The
        factory supplied SSB filter is a 'fidelity' filter. Your transmitted
        audio  with  a  properly  set up radio and a microphone should sound
        like FM broadcast. The skirt roll off is just a little  'soft'.  You
        need to go to a 1.8 kHz filter to get much RX improvement. The stock
        SSB filter is quite good in receive.

        The  TR7  always  transmits  through the SSB crystal filter supplied
        with the radio. You can put the other 3 filters where ever you want,
        but don't mess with this filter in this position.

    o   AM Filter

        An AM filter is almost impossible to find. You can fake an AM  'fil-
        ter' by putting a 390 ohm resistor through the input and output pins
        of any blank crystal filter position. It actually isn't bad. What is
        determining the selectivity is the 48 MHz first IF filter.

    o   Transmit Power

        Pay  particular  attention  to  the  SWR balance trimmer, C1901. ALC
        action is affected adversely by an improper null. This null  trimmer
        also  affects  the  watt  meter  calibration,  so  if you change the
        trimmer setting, R2001 and R2002 will need adjustment  also.  Essen-
        tially,  the  FOR  output is used for ALC and the REV output is used
        for shutdown. This is independant of the watt  meter  setting.  When
        you  set up the ALC null, use a high impedance analogue meter, a non
        metallic alignment tool and a good 50 ohm load.

        There are 2 control settings that affect the ALC. The obvious one is
        the 'ALC' control on the ALC board in the bottom of the transceiver.
        The other setting control is the gain pot  on  the  predriver.  This
        control  sets  the gain by setting the feedback on one of the driver
        stages  (old driver board) or the current in the preamp stage (newer
        driver board). Properly set, you should have just enough ALC  on  10
        and as expected, a controllable abundance on 80 meters. Improper set
        up of the ALC usually means no ALC or will make the mic gain setting
        overly  sensitive  and the ALC clamp early on the lower bands. There
        is additional ALC/drive compensation from the  band switch  for  the
        10 and 15 meter bands. Extra resistors are switched in on these band
        settings  to provide more drive/higher ALC threshold to provide gain
        compensation. These resistors have only a very minor effect on drive
        compensation. If you are having upper  band  drive  problems,  these
        resistors should not be the first suspects.

        For  proper transmitter ALC action it is essential for the PA driver
        and final stages to be in good condition. 150 watts output should be
        easily attained on 40 and 80 meters.

    o   External Speakers

        Unlike the '4 line, the TR7 employs an LM380 audio power stage. This
        IC is load tolerant and 8 ohm speakers may be used without problem.

    o   Microphone

        Later series TR7 provided for both high and low impedance microphnes
        through the use of different pins on the connector.

        High impedance mics may be connected to pin  4.  Input  Z  is  about
        750K,  but  this port is much less sensitive than pin 1. High Z mics
        are expected to be high output (> 100 mv).

        The above is a factory change on the later series TR7. Early  models
        had a jumper on the circuit board for microphone impedance.

    o   PA Driver Stage

        At  least  2  different sets of boards were used in the driver stage
        next to the power amplifier. Early TR7s used 3 transistors; the late
        model board used 2 transistors. In this board, the  last  transistor
        is  an MRF476. The final amplifier board seems to have remained much
        the same, but the components around the PA input and  output  trans-
        formers were different.

        The  board with the MRF476 predriver most likely was changed because
        it was much cheaper to make. This in itself is not a fault, but  the
        way  it  was executed presents some problems that will be dealt with
        in a separate area. On this board the driver  is  an  MPS-H20.  I've
        used  the  MRF237  as a replacement because the transistor is biased
        for about 20 ma - about .3 watt. In my mind this is a  little  heavy
        for  a  TO92 transistor. The MRF237 may also be used as replacements
        for the SRF2331. These transistors are somewhat unique - the case is
        the emitter and the collector and emitter pins  are  interposed.  If
        you  orient the transistor so the base (center lead is furthest away
        from  you)  is in the centre and the transistor is held by the leads
        underneath, the emitter is the left hand  lead,  NOT  on  the  right
        where you would expect a TO5 to be. The case in question is a TO39.

        If  it  is  necessary to change any of the transistors in this area,
        you must use heat sink compound on the mounting  bases.  Most  folks
        use  far  too much of this stuff. The purpose of this compound is to
        ensure a good thermal contact between the transistor  and  the  heat
        sink  by filling in the (natural) pits in the metal faces. Thats all
        its used for. Too much is just as bad as none - its a  metal  filler
        only. Do not over goop this stuff!

    o   Late Model Driver Boards

        The  problem  with  the later model board is the bias network on the
        MRF476. Its bias level is such that  the  transistor  will  go  into
        thermal runaway or may latch up by itself. The 270 ohm resistor from
        base  to  ground is not enough to prevent this. The 300 ohm resistor
        and 1N4005 diode is an acceptable method of providing bias, but with
        the grounded emitter, there is no way to guarantee thermal stability
        around the transistor. You'll notice this if all  of  a  sudden  the
        transmitter output drops or, on the lower bands, the ALC is gone and
        more  mic  gain is required. You let up on the mic for a few minutes
        and all is well. If you were to feel the heatsink on the MRF476,  it
        will  be  very, very hot. It may also be possible that the predriver
        board 'eats' MRF476s. You find its bad - usually leaky and low  gain
        - replace it, and soon the new one dies an inglorious death also.

        The  cure  is to lift the emitter off ground with a resistor. Make a
        tight bundle of 3 - 1.8 ohm 1/8 watt resistors in parallel. Cut  the
        emitter  lead  of the MRF476 about where the lead changes width. Re-
        move the stub from the circuit board and put this  resistor  network
        between  the  emitter  and  where the the stub went into the circuit
        board. Removing the stub can be interesting for its soldered on both
        sides of the board.

        Yes, raising the emitter will decrease the  gain.  The  degenerative
        feedback also makes the MRF476 easier to drive, so the net result is
        a  wash.  This one change for this specific board type is highly re-
        commended, especially if you're thaving problems with MRF476 longev-
        ity.

    o   PA Stage

        Co incident with the different driver boards, Drake changed  the  PA
        stage  around the ferrite transformers. These changes look like they
        were done to improve stability, and the differences are minor.

    o   PA Stage Bias Setting

        There isn't any. There is no bias adjustment for any of  the  stages
        in  this  amplifier  chain. If your final or driver transistors have
        suffered catastrophic failure, before  installing  replacements  and
        after removal of the transistors, measure the base voltage on trans-
        mit.  Nominal  reading  is  about .6 volts. If higher than .7 volts,
        further inspection of the bias supply is in order. Failure to do  so
        will  likely  cause  the  new set to be compromised immediately upon
        use.

    o   PA Transistors

        MRF421MP will replace the SRF2337 final transistors.  The  MP  indi-
        cates Matched Pair, so order one of these or two MRF421 and ask them
        to  be  beta matched. At this power and current level, it is wise to
        have current balance in this stage.

        MRF475/2SC2092 will replace the SRF2338 driver transistors. The col-
        lector is the mounting tab, so don't forget the insulating wafer.

        MRF476/2SC2166 will replace the TO220 predriver.  The  driver  board
        changed  over  the years. The collector is the mounting tab, but its
        board placement is isolated from the circuit board. Do not  use  tab
        isolation  hardware.  The  collector  choke  makes collector contact
        through the bolt.

        The cost of all of the above is about $90 from RF Parts.  One  final
        transistor alone is over $63 from Drake.

        The  TR7  will  shut  down 50% at a 4:1 SWR. This provides more than
        adequate protection. However,  the  transmitter  draws  considerable
        current  from a 13 volt supply. The supply should be rated at 30 AMP
        ICAS minimum. Marginal supplies and DC power cords will not  provide
        enough current under load and likely will drop in and out under full
        carrier  condition jeopardizing the PA. It is important that a stiff
        high current supply be employed with the TR7.

    o   ALC Time Constant

        On the ALC board, the ALC decay time constant is over 1 second. This
        can be decreased to about 1/2 this value without any ill effects and
        will allow the ALC to track voice  input  a  little  better.  Change
        R1618, a 1 meg resistor, to 470K.

    o   VOX - Transmit Generator Board

        The VOX requires about 50 mv of microphone input to trigger reliably
        from  pin  1  on the mic connector. On the TR7, it takes a very high
        setting on the VOX Gain control to make the VOX  trip.  This  is  in
        contrast  to  the mic gain, where not much is needed at all. C304, a
        .01 uF capacitor coupling the voltage doubler has a reactance of 15K
        at 1 kHz. Its value is much too low, especially when the applied mic
        input signal is divided in half by C320, another .01 (transient sup-
        pression). Change C304 to a .1 uF. The improvement is such  that  it
        will take barely adequate VOX gain to 'acceptable'.

        I  recommend  this change for those SSB operators that would like to
        operate VOX on their TR7's but haven't for lack of VOX gain.


    13.0  AUX7
    __________

    You can make the all band transmit mod by just cutting one trace for the
    TX  band  inhibit  line.  The  other, official way of getting additional
    bands is through the AUX7. This was an option board on  the  TR7  series
    that  allowed  one to operate the TR7 either crystal controlled or allow
    one to buy program modules for any .5 MHz segment. Special program  mod-
    ules  were  ordered for transmit. Use of an AUX7 is a nice touch, for by
    just rotating 2 switches, you can get to any band you want without  mod-
    ifying the transceiver. The option modules were all the same - you 'pro-
    grammed' the modules by cutting off the appropriate pins from a chart.

    Drake  no  longer  provides  the AUX7 optional band modules, but you can
    make your own from a 14 pin DIP header and a  batch  of  1N4148  diodes.
    Each  of  these modules will consume less than 13 diodes, depending upon
    the frequency. Yes, its a lot of diodes. Typically, you'll need 7  or  8
    diodes per module. You must use the diodes, for the band modules are ma-
    trixed.

    The  AUX7 is not easy to install or gain access to for it involves open-
    ing the TR7. The front panel will flip down, but to do this, you need to
    extract the  band switch shaft. If you are not careful, you can rip  the
    wafer rotors out when you extract or reinsert the shaft. This will cause
    REAL  trouble and given the age of the unit and replacement parts avail-
    ability (don't count on it!),

    The AUX7 band module has a separate pin for TX enable.  Obviously,  this
    pin  must  be enabled for any of the WARC amateur bands you need or want
    to enable. The  band switch must be set to the appropriate filter range.
    If it is set to a range that does not match the module programming,  the
    SETBAND light will come on.

    When you set up the DIP header with the 1N4148 diodes, use the following
    programming  chart.  The  pin numbers are as if it were an IC. Make sure
    you do not wire it backwards! This is a very common mistake:

         PIN  USE                     PIN  USE
         ===  ==========              ===  ==========
           1  Select 5V                 8  Range B2
           2  Range A0                  9  Range B3
           3  Range A1                 10  TX enable
           4  Range A2                 11  Band A
           5  Range A3                 12  Band B
           6  Range B0                 13  Band C
           7  Range B1                 14  Band D

    Essentially the AUX7 programming is divided into 2  halves  -  BAND  and
    RANGE.  BAND  sets  the  band as if it were coming from the band switch.
    RANGE sets the .5 MHz offset as if you were to hit the  UP/DOWN  buttons
    on  the  front  panel.  The BAND programming is compared against the BCD
    band switch wafer. If there is no match against these two,  the  SETBAND
    light  comes on. This is used to tell the operator that the  band switch
    setting does not correspond to the programming  and  the    band  switch
    should be rotated until the light extinguishes.


    13.1  BAND PROGRAMMING
    ______________________

    Band  programming  is  done  in BCD to indicate the  band switch setting
    through the SETBAND indicator. If this is not programmed, the unit  will
    not transmit. If pin 10 is not made high, the unit will not transmit.

        Band Range  BA    BB    BC    BD
        ==========  ==    ==    ==    ==
        1.5 - 2.0    -     x     -     -
          2 - 3      x     x     -     -
          3 - 4.5    -     -     x     -
        4.5 - 7      x     -     x     -
          7 - 10     -     x     x     -
         10 - 15     x     x     x     -
         15 - 22     -     -     -     x
         22 - 30     x     -     -     x

    The  band  range  pins BA to BD correspond to the previous 14 pin chart.
    This programming sets the band switch data/SETBAND light. If this is not
    programmed, the unit will receive, but it will not transmit, even if pin
    10 is high.


    13.2  SYNTHESIZER PROGRAMMING
    _____________________________

    The synthesizer requires programming in order to set the correct 1/2 MHz
    range. This requires some calculation. The pins A0 to B3  comprise  a  1
    byte  field  to indicate the correct .5 MHz chunk. You simply cannot as-
    sume that 18 MHz is the 36th 1/2 MHz chunk and program '0011,0110',  for
    there is a modulus to be accounted for.

    The formula is 86 - (f*2), where f is in MHz at 500 kHz settings. To set
    the  synthesizer  to  27.0  MHz,  you  would  calculate 86-(27*2) = 32 =
    0011,0010.


               0 0 1 1, 0 0 1 0         PIN
               |     |  |     |         ===
               |     |  |     |___ A0    2
               |     |  |_________ A3    5
               |     |____________ B0    6
               |__________________ B3    9

    To program this 27.0 matrix, you would connect diodes from pin 1 to pins
    3,6,7 for the synthesizer, diodes to pins 11 and 14 for the band switch,
    and a diode to pin 10 to enable transmit. (but we'd NEVER do that, would
    we?).

    The  TR7  has 2 master oscillators that are selected by the band switch,
    NOT the frequency programming. Although it is not obligitory for  recep-
    tion,  you should also program the band switch data so the SETBAND light
    will come on. A common error is to do the diode programming, fire it  up
    and  the  synthesizer  won't  lock.  This is usually caused by the  band
    switch in the wrong position. The band programming and the SETBAND light
    is designed to prevent this.


    13.3  CRYSTAL CONTROL
    _____________________

    Crystal control on the TR7 is independant of  the  programming  matrix.,
    The PTO tunes up and is offset 50 kHz, so finding the right crystal is f
    +  5.05 - f(MHz). To crystal control to 7.055 MHz, you'd order a crystal
    for 7.055 + 5.05 - 7 or 5.105 MHz. For bands that are on a .5 MHz bound-
    ary, you'd subtract an extra .5 to put the crystal within the 5  to  5.5
    MHz  range.  The  above  crystal would put you on 3.555 MHz on 80 meters
    (3.5 + 5.105 - 5.05).

    Since crystal control is related to a specific band, you should  program
    the AUX7 as documented above. This is not mandatory.

    I  do  not  have  specs  on  the crystal, but an educated guess would be
    HC/25U, 20 pf, series, fundamental.